Why “startup founder reels” are surging globally
Founder Reels build brand trust and attract investors.
Founder Reels build brand trust and attract investors.
Scrolling through TikTok, Instagram, or LinkedIn, the pattern is now unmistakable. Between polished corporate ads and casual influencer content, a new genre has exploded onto the scene: the startup founder reel. These are not the slick, over-produced company trailers of a decade ago. These are raw, fast-paced, vertically-shot videos where founders themselves are front and center—pitching their vision, documenting the grueling all-nighters, celebrating a first prototype, or transparently dissecting a painful failure. From Silicon Valley to emerging tech hubs in Bangalore, Lagos, and São Paulo, these reels are amassing millions of views, building formidable communities, and fundamentally reshaping how startups are launched, scaled, and funded.
This isn't a fleeting social media trend. It's a profound shift in the dynamics of business communication, brand building, and consumer trust. The surge of startup founder reels represents the convergence of several powerful macro-trends: the dominance of video-first platforms, a post-pandemic hunger for human-centric authenticity, and an increasingly competitive landscape where attention is the most valuable asset. This long-form analysis delves deep into the forces fueling this global phenomenon, exploring its psychological underpinnings, its strategic necessity, and its transformative impact on the future of entrepreneurship itself. We will unpack how a simple 30-second clip can do what millions in traditional marketing sometimes cannot: forge an unbreakable bond with an audience and turn viewers into a loyal tribe.
At its core, the explosive growth of founder reels is a story about human psychology. For decades, corporate messaging was built on a foundation of polished perfection. Brands were distant, untouchable entities, and consumers were passive recipients of carefully crafted narratives. The internet, and particularly social media, has systematically dismantled this model. Today's audiences, especially younger demographics, possess a highly sophisticated "BS detector." They crave connection, transparency, and, above all, authenticity.
Startup founder reels deliver this authenticity in its purest form. When a founder films themselves on a phone, sweat beading on their forehead as they prepare for a crucial investor meeting, they are not just sharing a moment; they are inviting the audience into their journey. This act of vulnerability is a powerful trust-building mechanism. Psychological studies have long shown that perceived authenticity fosters likability and trust. When we see someone being "real"—showing doubt, excitement, fatigue, or joy—we relate to them on a human level. We stop seeing them as a corporate figurehead and start seeing them as a person we can root for.
This parasocial relationship, once the domain of celebrities and influencers, is now a potent tool for entrepreneurs. The founder becomes the relatable protagonist of their own story, and the audience becomes the invested supporting cast.
This dynamic is amplified by the format of the "reel" itself. The vertical, full-screen video demands attention. The quick cuts, dynamic text overlays, and trending audio tracks create an immersive, emotionally resonant experience that is consumed in seconds. It’s a format perfectly suited to conveying passion and urgency, two emotions that are central to the startup narrative but are often lost in traditional, longer-form content.
Furthermore, this authenticity acts as a powerful differentiator in a saturated market. When ten startups in a sector are making similar claims, the one with a founder who can articulate their mission with genuine passion and document their process with unvarnished honesty will stand out. This human connection often trumps a list of features or a lower price point. It transforms the startup from a faceless company into a mission-driven movement led by a person you believe in. This is the foundational principle behind the success of emotional brand videos that go viral, and founder reels are the ultimate application of this principle.
Compelling founder reels often unconsciously (or consciously) follow the classic "Hero's Journey" monomyth. The founder is the hero, answering a "call to adventure" (solving a problem). They face "trials and tribulations" (technical hurdles, funding rejections, product failures), often aided by "allies" (their team, early customers). The reel showcasing a major milestone—a successful launch, a funding round—represents the "return with the elixir." This narrative structure is hardwired into our brains, making these reels inherently compelling and satisfying to watch. This storytelling technique is dissected in our analysis of the secrets behind viral explainer video scripts, and the same principles apply directly to crafting a founder's narrative.
Beyond trust, founder reels foster an incredible sense of community. By sharing the behind-the-scenes process, founders make their audience feel like insiders. Followers who watched the first prototype reveal feel a sense of ownership and pride when the product finally ships. They comment with suggestions, cheer on the founder during setbacks, and become evangelists for the brand. This transforms customers from passive buyers into active participants in the company's story. This community-driven approach is a key driver in the success of user-generated video campaigns that boost SEO, as engaged communities naturally create and share content.
In essence, the psychological pull of the founder reel is a triple-threat: it builds trust through authenticity, engages through timeless narrative structures, and cultivates loyalty through inclusive community building. It is the antithesis of corporate coldness and the embodiment of human-centric business in the digital age.
The meteoric rise of startup founder reels is not solely a story of entrepreneurial ingenuity; it is also a story of being in the right place at the right time with the right format. The architectural and algorithmic designs of the world's most dominant social platforms have created a perfect ecosystem for this content to thrive. Platforms like TikTok, Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts, and LinkedIn Video are not neutral distribution channels; they are active participants that reward specific behaviors—and founder reels check every box.
First and foremost, these platforms are aggressively pushing a video-first, vertical video agenda. The full-screen, immersive experience of a reel is the native language of mobile-first users. As highlighted in our deep dive on the high demand for vertical video templates, this format now dominates user attention and engagement metrics. The platforms' algorithms are explicitly tuned to promote content that keeps users within the app for longer periods, and engaging, short-form video is the most effective tool for achieving this. A founder's passionate, story-driven reel is far more likely to achieve high watch time and completion rates than a static image or a text-heavy post, signaling to the algorithm that it is high-quality content worthy of amplification.
Second, the algorithms have a demonstrated bias for "authentic" and "original" content. In recent years, platforms like Meta (Facebook and Instagram) have publicly stated their intent to prioritize original content over repurposed or aggregated material. A founder sharing their own unique journey, in their own voice, is the definition of original content. This contrasts sharply with a brand simply reposting a user's photo or sharing a generic industry article. The algorithm interprets this originality as a value-add for the platform's community, thereby granting it greater organic reach. This is a strategic imperative for any business, as discussed in our guide to YouTube Shorts optimization for business.
LinkedIn, once a bastion of formal professional networking, has undergone a seismic shift. Its video algorithm now heavily favors personal, insightful, and conversational content. A founder explaining a complex business model in a simple, direct-to-camera reel, or sharing a key lesson learned from a failure, performs exceptionally well. It provides professional value in an easily digestible format, leading to high engagement in the form of comments, shares, and follows—all positive signals that catapult the content into more feeds. This aligns with the growing trend of corporate culture videos that drive search traffic, but with a more personal, founder-led twist.
The discovery mechanics of platforms like TikTok are a game-changer for startups. Unlike a follower-based model where you primarily reach your existing audience, the "For You" page (FYP) is a powerful discovery engine. A single, viral founder reel can introduce a startup to millions of potential customers, partners, and investors who had no prior knowledge of the brand. This serendipitous discovery is invaluable for early-stage companies with zero brand recognition. It allows them to bypass traditional, expensive marketing channels and build an audience from the ground up, purely on the strength of their narrative. This is the modern equivalent of a Super Bowl ad for a fraction of the cost, a concept explored in the context of event promo reels that go viral.
Founder reels are uniquely positioned to create powerful engagement loops. A reel that ends with a genuine question ("What feature should we build next?") or a call to action ("Share this with someone who needs to see it!") directly stimulates the comments and shares that algorithms crave. This two-way communication, facilitated by the platform's features, turns a broadcast into a conversation. The data generated from these interactions—how long people watch, how they respond, what they share—feeds back into the algorithm, creating a virtuous cycle of increasing reach and refinement of content strategy. This data-driven approach is central to predictive video analytics in marketing SEO.
In conclusion, the platforms have built the stadium and written the rules of the game. Startup founder reels are not just compatible with these rules; they are a masterclass in playing by them. By delivering authentic, original, vertical video that drives high engagement, founders are directly leveraging the core mechanics of the world's most powerful distribution networks to fuel their growth.
While the brand-building and psychological benefits of founder reels are clear, skeptical minds—especially those holding the purse strings—will rightfully ask: "What is the tangible return on investment?" The move towards founder-led content is not merely an aesthetic or philosophical choice; it is a hard-nosed business strategy with measurable impacts across customer acquisition, fundraising, and talent recruitment. The ROI extends far beyond nebulous "likes" and translates directly into the metrics that matter most for a startup's survival and growth.
The most direct impact is on customer acquisition cost (CAC) and conversion rates. A founder who effectively uses reels to demonstrate expertise, passion, and the problem-solving capabilities of their product builds a significant amount of social proof. When a potential customer discovers a product through a founder's compelling story, they enter the sales funnel with a higher level of trust and a stronger intent to purchase. This educates and warms the lead simultaneously, reducing the friction that traditional advertising often faces. We've seen how a simple restaurant promo video can double bookings; founder reels apply that same persuasive power to tech products and SaaS platforms.
Furthermore, this content is a powerful driver for search engine optimization (SEO) and owned channel growth. A viral reel drives traffic not only to the social profile but also to the startup's website and landing pages. This surge in qualified traffic sends positive signals to search engines, improving organic search rankings. Moreover, by using platform-specific SEO strategies—such as keyword-rich captions, hashtags, and on-screen text—founders can ensure their content is discoverable by users actively searching for solutions. This holistic approach to visibility is detailed in our resource on how vertical testimonial reels are ranking.
Perhaps the most significant tangible ROI is in the realm of fundraising. The traditional fundraising process is opaque and relationship-driven. Founder reels have democratized access to investors. A well-crafted reel that showcases traction, market validation, and a charismatic leader can act as a powerful "pre-warm" for investor outreach.
This modern approach to the pitch is a form of interactive product video for the company itself, engaging potential backers long before the first formal meeting.
In a competitive job market, the war for talent is fierce. The best engineers, designers, and operators want to work on missions they believe in, for leaders they admire and trust. Founder reels offer an unparalleled window into a company's culture and mission. A talented professional who follows a founder's journey, resonates with their vision, and sees the passion behind the work is far more likely to apply for a role or be receptive to a recruiter's message. This transforms the recruitment process from a transactional exchange into a mission-driven alignment, significantly reducing hiring friction and attracting candidates who are culturally and philosophically invested. This is a core component of building a powerful employer brand, as seen in the effectiveness of behind-the-scenes corporate videos for engagement.
When quantified, the ROI of founder reels encompasses lower CAC, higher conversion rates, improved SEO, accelerated fundraising, and more efficient talent acquisition. It is a strategy that touches every critical function of a scaling startup, proving that a camera phone and a compelling story can be as valuable as a seven-figure marketing budget.
The surge of startup founder reels is not a monolithic, Western-centric phenomenon. While the format may have been popularized in tech hubs like Silicon Valley, its adoption and adaptation across the globe reveal a fascinating tapestry of cultural nuances and regional success stories. The fundamental drivers—authenticity, platform algorithms, and the quest for trust—are universal, but the execution, narrative focus, and community engagement strategies vary significantly, offering a rich global playbook for aspiring founder-creators.
In Southeast Asia, for instance, the founder reel trend has exploded, deeply intertwined with the region's massive, mobile-first population. Platforms like TikTok and Instagram are not just for entertainment; they are central to commerce and community building. Founders in markets like Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines often focus their content on extreme transparency regarding business finances and operational hurdles. This resonates deeply in emerging economies where access to entrepreneurial education and venture capital can be limited. A founder detailing exactly how they bootstrap, manage cash flow, or negotiate with suppliers provides immense educational value, positioning them as a trusted mentor. This aligns with the broader video trends we've observed in Southeast Asia, where relatable, value-driven content outperforms polished corporate messaging.
Moving to Africa
In Europe, the founder reel often takes on a more polished, yet still authentic, tone. Founders in deep tech, B2B SaaS, and sustainability sectors use reels to demystify complex technology. A founder in Berlin might use a reel to explain the science behind their carbon capture technology, while a founder in Stockholm could break down the data security model of their new enterprise software. The focus is on establishing thought leadership and technical credibility. The storytelling is often more nuanced and data-backed, appealing to a sophisticated European investor and B2B customer base. This approach is a form of short documentary clip that builds brand authority, condensed into the reel format.
In Latin America, the "hustle" narrative is particularly potent. Founders in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia are celebrated for their grit and ability to navigate complex bureaucratic and economic landscapes. Their reels often highlight resilience, rapid iteration, and a deep connection with their local community. It's common to see founders seamlessly switching between Portuguese or Spanish and English, reflecting their ambition to serve both local and global markets. The content is highly emotional and relational, emphasizing the human impact of their business on employees, customers, and the local ecosystem. This community-centric model is a powerful driver for the kind of user-generated video campaigns that boost SEO through organic, grassroots sharing.
These regional variations are not just interesting case studies; they are a strategic blueprint. A founder looking to expand globally can study these nuances to tailor their content for new markets. The key takeaway is that while the format is universal, the message must be hyper-localized. The most successful global founders are those who can maintain their core authenticity while adapting their narrative to resonate with the specific cultural values, aspirations, and challenges of their target audience, whether it's through the immersive brand storytelling techniques popular in Asia or the data-driven credibility prized in Europe.
Creating a founder reel that cuts through the noise is both an art and a science. While authenticity is the cornerstone, virality is often the result of a deliberate structure and an understanding of proven content formulas. After analyzing thousands of high-performing reels, a clear blueprint emerges—a repeatable anatomy that maximizes engagement, shareability, and impact. This is not about being formulaic; it's about packaging your authentic story in a way that the platform and its audience are primed to receive it.
The most critical element is the first three seconds. This is the "hook," and its sole purpose is to stop the scroll. It must present an immediate, compelling reason for the viewer to care. This can be achieved through a provocative question ("How we turned $10k into $1M in 12 months..."), a bold statement ("The biggest mistake I made as a first-time founder..."), or a visually arresting shot of a product prototype or a bustling office. The hook must promise value—whether educational, emotional, or inspirational—and deliver on that promise immediately. This principle is central to crafting short video ad scripts that trend on Google.
Following the hook, the core narrative of the reel must be structured for clarity and pace. The vertical format demands simplicity. The most effective reels focus on one single idea, lesson, or milestone. This is achieved through a combination of visual storytelling and dynamic text overlays.
While the story is unique to each founder, certain content frameworks consistently perform well:
A viral reel without a CTA is a wasted opportunity. The end of the reel must guide the viewer on what to do next. The CTA should be specific and appropriate to the content:
This final step is what transforms passive viewers into active community members, leads, and customers. It's the bridge between content and conversion, a critical component of any interactive video ad strategy designed to drive clicks and conversions.
By deconstructing the anatomy of a viral reel, it becomes clear that success is not random. It is the product of a compelling hook, a simple and well-structured narrative supported by strong visuals and text, and a clear strategic CTA. Mastering this blueprint allows founders to consistently create content that not only tells their story but also actively drives their business objectives forward.
The global surge of founder reels would be technologically impossible just five years ago. The proliferation of this content is directly enabled by a powerful, accessible, and often affordable tech stack that has democratized high-quality video production. The barrier to entry has evaporated. Today, a founder with a smartphone, a few key apps, and a basic understanding of lighting and audio can produce content that rivals the production value of small agencies from the pre-smartphone era. This technological democratization is the silent engine powering the creator-founder economy.
At the foundation is the smartphone itself. Modern flagship phones, and even many mid-range models, are equipped with remarkably capable cameras capable of shooting in 4K. Features like optical image stabilization, advanced computational photography, and multiple lenses provide a level of technical quality that was previously inaccessible to amateurs. The tool is now ubiquitous, always in a founder's pocket, ready to capture a pivotal moment or a spontaneous insight. This aligns with the broader trend of democratized cinematography, where tools once reserved for professionals are now in the hands of millions.
However, the camera is only the first step. The real magic happens in the editing suite. A new generation of mobile-first and cloud-based editing tools has removed the steep learning curve associated with professional software like Adobe Premiere Pro. Apps like CapCut, InShot, and Splice allow founders to edit directly on their phones with intuitive interfaces. They offer templates, trending audio libraries, automatic captioning, and sophisticated effects that make it simple to create dynamic, professional-looking reels in minutes, not hours. The efficiency gains are monumental, allowing founders to focus on their message rather than technical hurdles. This is part of the larger movement towards AI video editing software becoming a top search term, as creators seek ever-faster workflows.
Artificial intelligence is now deeply integrated into this tech stack, acting as a force multiplier for solo creators. AI tools are automating and enhancing every step of the process:
Beyond software, a minimal hardware investment can dramatically uplift production quality without complexity or high cost. This "pro-sumer" market has boomed in parallel with the creator economy:
This powerful, accessible tech stack has fundamentally leveled the playing field. A solo founder in a small apartment now has the tools to build a global brand and audience, competing for attention with well-funded corporations. The enabling technology has shifted the competitive advantage from budget to creativity, consistency, and authentic storytelling. It is the hardware and software foundation upon which the entire global phenomenon of startup founder reels is built, and its continued evolution promises to make creation even more seamless and powerful. The next frontier, as seen in the rise of AI-powered B-roll generators for video SEO, is the full automation of production, allowing founders to focus purely on their performance and message.
For all its transformative potential, the relentless pressure to perform as a "creator-founder" carries a significant and often unspoken dark side. The very tools that enable authentic connection can also become instruments of immense psychological strain, leading to founder burnout, problematic oversharing, and the fetishization of the entrepreneurial struggle. As the line between public persona and private life blurs into oblivion, a new set of challenges emerges that the startup ecosystem is only beginning to grapple with.
The most pervasive issue is burnout. Building a startup is an all-consuming endeavor, demanding relentless focus on product, team, and customers. The addition of a consistent content creation schedule—requiring ideation, filming, editing, and community engagement—adds a second, equally demanding full-time job. The "always-on" nature of social media, with its pressure to post regularly and respond to comments, erodes any remaining boundaries. Founders report feeling trapped by their own success; the very audience they built now expects a constant stream of content, creating a cycle of performance that can be emotionally and physically exhausting. This is not merely stress; it is a fast track to complete creative and entrepreneurial depletion, where the founder's public passion becomes a private burden.
The performance of authenticity becomes its own form of inauthenticity when the founder is too drained to feel the passion they are projecting.
Closely linked to burnout is the peril of oversharing. In the quest for radical transparency, founders can inadvertently cross a line, disclosing information that damages their company's competitive position, violates the trust of their team, or compromises their own mental well-being. Sharing the stress of a near-miss payroll is one thing; publicly disparaging a difficult investor or revealing a sensitive financial metric is another. The dopamine hit of viral engagement can cloud judgment, leading to posts that feel cathartic in the moment but have long-term reputational and legal consequences. The founder's personal brand becomes so entangled with the company that any misstep is magnified, potentially scaring away future investors, partners, and customers who perceive the founder as a liability. This highlights the critical need for a strategic approach, much like the planning that goes into a successful music video pre-production checklist.
A more insidious trend is the fetishization of the founder's journey, often manifesting as "struggle porn." This is the romanticization of overwork, sleep deprivation, and personal sacrifice. Reels glorifying all-night coding sessions, missed family events, and intense emotional breakdowns can create a toxic culture where suffering is seen as a prerequisite for success. This narrative is not only harmful to the founder's health but also sets a dangerous precedent for their team and the wider startup community. It discourages sustainable work practices, stigmatizes work-life balance, and can alienate a diverse range of potential entrepreneurs who do not see themselves in this hyper-intense, often masculinized, archetype. The focus should shift from the struggle itself to the effective systems and resilience that overcome it, moving beyond the superficial to the substantive, as seen in the strategic depth of case study video formats that drive SEO.
Finally, the creator-founder must constantly navigate the divide between their public persona and their private self. The "founder" in the reels is a character, an amplified version of certain traits designed to engage and inspire. Maintaining this character can lead to an identity crisis, where the founder feels pressure to be "on" at all times, even in private settings. The audience's perception of the founder can become a cage, limiting their ability to evolve, change their mind, or simply have a bad day without public scrutiny. The psychological toll of this performance is immense and requires deliberate strategies to mitigate, such as designated offline time, therapy, and a strong internal support system that values the person behind the persona.
In acknowledging this dark side, the advice for founders is not to abandon reels, but to approach them with intentionality and self-awareness. Setting boundaries on posting frequency, defining clear red lines for what is off-limits to share, and prioritizing mental health are not antithetical to growth—they are the prerequisites for sustainable, long-term success in both business and life.
The proliferation of founder reels has not gone unnoticed in the boardrooms of venture capital firms. What was once a curiosity has rapidly evolved into a critical tool in the modern investor's arsenal, fundamentally altering the dynamics of deal sourcing, due diligence, and portfolio support. For investors, a founder's digital presence is no longer just a marketing channel; it is a rich, dynamic, and unfiltered data stream that offers profound insights no pitch deck can provide.
Firstly, founder reels have become a powerful engine for passive deal flow. Venture capitalists, particularly those at the seed and Series A stages, are inundated with cold emails and LinkedIn introductions. A founder's viral reel cuts through this noise. When an investor organically discovers a founder on their "For You" page, the context is entirely different. They are seeing the founder in their element: communicating their vision, engaging with their community, and demonstrating traction in real-time. This passive discovery feels more authentic and serendipitous than a canned pitch, making the investor more receptive. A partner at a top-tier fund is far more likely to respond to a message that references a specific, compelling reel they might have already seen than a generic "I'd love to connect" request. This is the new business development, mirroring how corporate live streaming services are seeing growing search volume for real-time engagement.
More importantly, reels serve as a potent due diligence accelerant. The traditional due diligence process is backward-looking, relying on historical data, references, and financial projections. Founder reels offer a forward-looking, qualitative layer of insight. Investors can assess a founder's "X-factor" directly. Can they communicate a complex idea simply? How do they handle public criticism in the comments? Does their passion seem genuine and resilient? A consistent content history demonstrates discipline, a key trait for a CEO. As one investor noted, "I can learn more about a founder's resilience from three videos they posted during a product failure than from three reference calls with their friends." This real-time charisma and communication skill is a powerful indicator of their ability to attract talent, land key clients, and serve as the public face of the company. This is a form of predictive video analytics for human potential.
Savvy investors have developed a keen eye for specific signals within founder reels:
The utility of founder reels extends beyond the initial investment. For a VC's portfolio companies, a strong founder-led content strategy is a massive leverage point. Investors can actively coach their founders on content strategy, helping them refine their narrative to attract partners, customers, and future hires. They can facilitate cross-promotion between portfolio founders, creating a powerful, interconnected network of audiences. In this sense, a VC firm is not just investing in a company; it is investing in a media channel with a built-in, highly engaged audience. The ability to scale this channel, much like scaling a sales team, becomes a key value-driver, a concept explored in the context of AI corporate reels as CPC gold for larger organizations.
In conclusion, the modern venture capital process is being reshaped by the founder reel. It has become an indispensable tool for discovering talent, de-risking investments through qualitative assessment, and adding strategic value post-investment. The founder who masters this medium is not just building a brand; they are actively making themselves more fundable and building a more resilient, visible, and attractive company.
The global surge of startup founder reels is far more than a social media trend. It is a fundamental and permanent shift in the architecture of modern business building. What began as a clever hack for gaining cheap attention has evolved into a multifaceted strategic capability, intertwining marketing, fundraising, recruitment, and product development into a single, powerful thread—the founder's authentic narrative. The reel is no longer just content; it has become a foundational business asset, as critical to a startup's infrastructure as its codebase, its team, and its capital.
We have traversed the landscape of this phenomenon, from its psychological roots in a hunger for authenticity to its amplification by platform algorithms hungry for original, engaging video. We've seen its tangible ROI in lowering customer acquisition costs, warming up investor relationships, and attracting world-class talent. We've acknowledged its dark side—the risks of burnout and oversharing—and explored the ethical responsibilities that come with a public platform. We've looked ahead to a future shaped by AI and personalization, and we've seen even corporate giants struggle to replicate its magic. Through it all, one truth remains constant: in an age of digital noise and declining trust, the human voice, telling a compelling and true story, is the most powerful differentiator any organization can possess.
The founder reel is the ultimate expression of this truth. It demystifies the black box of company-building, turning viewers into a community and customers into evangelists. It allows a founder to demonstrate resilience not through a bullet point on a resume, but through the shared experience of a setback and a comeback. It is a live, ongoing documentary of a company's mission, values, and culture, accessible to anyone with a smartphone.
If you are a founder, an aspiring entrepreneur, or an intrapreneur within a larger organization, the message is clear: the time to start is now. The barrier to entry has never been lower, and the potential reward has never been higher. Do not let the pursuit of perfection paralyze you. Your audience isn't waiting for a flawlessly produced film; they are waiting for you—your ideas, your passion, your unique perspective on a problem worth solving.
The global stage is set. The platforms are waiting. Your story is your most undervalued asset. Pick up your camera, press record, and begin building the future, one reel at a time. For a deeper dive into crafting these foundational narratives, explore our resource on the , and learn how to apply these storytelling principles to your own journey. The next great founder story is yours to tell.